Ferugliocladus
genus
Type species: Ferugliocladus riojanum Archangelsky & Cuneo, 1987.
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genus
Type species: Ferugliocladus riojanum Archangelsky & Cuneo, 1987.
Shoots branching at least up to fourth order; branches attached radially and irregularly at acute angles, straight to slightly curved, leafless or with helically disposed leaves. Leaves all of one kind, with a single vein, lanceolate, acute. Female cones compact, ovoid, terminal; composed of simple bracts and either free ovules or ovuliferous complexes, attached helically to cone axis. Presumed ovules or ovuliferous complexes subaxillary to bracts, subcircular; ovules orthotropous with a small and simple nucellar apex.
genus
Type species: Ernestiodendron filiciforme (Sternberg, 1825) Florin 1934
genus
Type species: Emporia lockardii (Mapes & Rothwell, 1984) Mapes & Rothwell, 2003
genus
Type species: Pseudovoltzia liebeana (Geinitz) Florin, designated by who?
genus
Type species: Majonica alpina Clement-Westerhof, 1987
genus
Type-species: Dolomitia cittertiae Clement-Westerhof, 1987
genus
genus
type species: Aethophyllum stipulare Brongniart, 1828
Small eustelic coniferous trees with orthotropic stem, plagiotropic branches, and dense wood. Leaves helically arranged, simple on ultimate branches, forked on more proximal branches. Fertile organs consisting of simple pollen cones and compound ovulate cones. Pollen cone axis bearing helically arranged amphistomatic sporophylls with adaxial pollen sacs bearing eusaccate prepollen.
Presumed main axis leafy at younger stage. Lateral shoot syst ems pinnat ely branched, consisting of a penultimate branch with two lateral series of parallel ultimate branches situated in one plane. Tripinnate shoot systems may also occur. Leaves bifacial, spirally arranged, sometimes heterophyllous.
Plants: Monocious, rarely diocious.
Ovulate cones: Compound; cone bract spirally or decussately arranged, rarely in trimerous whorls, mainly fused to scale; ovuliferous scales variable, from prominent with several teeth to completely reduced; ovules 1-30, arranged in 1-4 rows, erect or inverted; seeds winged or unwinged.
Pollen cones: Sporangia 1-8 per sporangiophore; pollen without air-bladders.
Leaves: Needle- or scale-like, with one median vascular bundle.
Plants: Mostly diocious, rarely monocious.
Plants: Dioecious or monoecious. Ovulate cones: Compound; cone bracts almost completely fused with scale, large and woody; ovuliferous scale highly reduced, flattened; ovule usually single, large, inverted, free or fused to ovuliferous scale/bract complex. Pollen cones: Very large, sporangiophores numerous; sporangia 4-20, initiated in two rows, pollen-tube fertilisation, pollen without air-bladders. Leaves: Scale-like or laminar, with parallel venation originating from basal dichotomies.
Plants: Monoecious. Ovulate cones: Compound; cone bracts spirally arranged, flattened, tongueshaped, free from scale, with a single vascular strand; ovuliferous scales flattened; ovules 2, inverted, proximal, fused to ovuliferous scale, with a single vascular strand dividing up to 20 times, micropyle laterally directed; seeds typically winged, rarely unwinged (e.g. Pinus pinea), wing descended from ovuliferous scale.
Pinopsid plants bearing compact ovuliferous cones, or drupelike fruit, with megasporophyll units comprising single (unlobed) sterile bracts more or less fused throughout but for a free tip; ovuliferous scales almost invariably unlobed and with 1 to several ovules.
Voltzialean plants with compact ovulate cones bearing bilateral bract-scale complexes; sterile bracts generally fused to axis of scale, free beyond (fully free in Pseudovoltzia), and generally unforked towards tip (forked only in Voltziopsis); ovuliferous scales mostly 1-, 3-, or 5-lobed; ovules 1-5, inverted.
Voltzialean plants with compact ovulate cones bearing bilateral bract-scale complexes; sterile bracts free, simple; ovuliferous dwarf shoots reduced to a single, simple, orbicular fertile scale; ovules one per scale, laterally attached, inverted (adapted from Clement-Westerhof 1988)
Voltzialean plants with compact ovulate cones bearing bilateral bract-scale complexes; sterile bracts free or partially fused with dwarf shoots, simple; ovuliferous dwarf shoots with 1-15 sterile scales and 2 or 3 variously shaped, flattened fertile scales; ovules one per fertile scale, laterally attached, inverted (adapted from Clement-Westerhof 1988)
Voltzialean plants with compact ovulate cones bearing bilateral bract-scale complexes; sterile bracts free, simple or forked; ovuliferous dwarf shoots with 10-30 sterile scales and one or more broad, flattened fertile scales; ovules one per fertile scale, laterally attached, inverted (adapted from Clement-Westerhof 1988; Mapes & Rothwell 1991)
Voltzialean plants with compact ovulate cones bearing bilateral bract-scale complexes; sterile bracts free from dwarf shoots, with forked tip; ovuliferous dwarf shoots with 15-30 sterile scales and 1 or 2 (rarely 3-5) narrow, cylindrical fertile scales; ovules one per fertile scale, apical, inverted (adapted from Mapes & Rothwell 1984, 1991, 2003)
As for order Palissyales
As for order Cheirolepidiales
As for the order Ferugliocladales